Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is a disease produced by the rapid growth and division of cells within one or both ovaries'reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, and the female sex hormones are made. The ovaries contain cells that, under normal circumstances, reproduce to maintain tissue health. When growth control is lost and cells divide too much and too fast, a cellular mass or tumor is formed. If the tumor is confined to a few cell layers, for example, surface cells, and it does not invade surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered benign. If the tumor spreads to surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered malignant, or cancerous. When cancerous cells break away from the original tumor, travel through the blood or lymphatic vessels, and grow within other parts of the body, the process is known as metastasis...
Causes of Ovarian cancer
The exact cause of ovarian cancer isn't known. It's more common in women who live in developed countries. Other factors that are thought to make ovarian cancer more likely include:
- A family history of ovarian cancer - women who have two or more close relatives (mother, sister or daughter) with ovarian cancer are more at risk.
- Having a non-cancerous condition called endometriosis.
- Starting your period early and having the menopause late.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
When symptoms occur they may include any of the following : -
- Loss of appetite.
- Vague indigestion, nausea, excess gas (wind) and a bloated, full feeling.
- Unexplained weight gain.
- Swelling in the abdomen ' this may be due to a build up of fluid, known as ascites, which can cause shortness of breath.
- Pain in the lower abdomen.
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhoea or needing to pass urine more often.
- Lower back pain.
- Pain during sex.
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, although this is rare.
Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer in India
Treatment :
- Surgery to remove cancerous tissue.
- Chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells using strong anti-cancer drugs.
- Radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells by high-energy radiation exposure...
Surgery for Ovarian Cancer in India
Surgery usually is required to treat ovarian cancer. Most patients undergo surgery in addition to another form of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). Surgery helps the physician to accurately stage the tumor, make a diagnosis, and perform debulking (removal of as much tumor mass as possible). Debulking surgery is especially important in ovarian cancer because aggressive removal of cancerous tissue is associated with improved survival. Patients with no residual tumor mass, or tumor masses that measure less than 1 cm, have the best opportunity for cure...
Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer in India
Chemotherapy involves using drugs to destroy cancer cells. Many of these drugs destroy cancer cells by preventing them from growing and dividing rapidly. Unfortunately, many normal cells also divide rapidly and are damaged by chemotherapy...
Radiation for Ovarian Cancer in India
Radiotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells from a cyst that ruptures during surgical removal of an ovary, or it may be used to treat certain patients who appear cancer-free or who have only microscopic evidence of disease at second-look surgery. It is historically the treatment of choice for germ cell tumors known as dysgerminomas. However, recently it has been found that chemotherapy can cure a percentage of such patients...
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There are three main forms of treatment for ovarian cancer offered in India : -
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